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When people hear the disease ‘Inflammatory Bowel Disease’ (IBD), they usually think of stomach pain, frequent bathroom trips, and digestive problems. What is less well-recognised but equally crucial is the invisible war that takes place beyond the stomach. IBD affects not only the body but also the mind. Many patients suffer from anxiety, sadness, and stress in addition to medical problems, often unaware that the two are inextricably linked.
On this World IBD Day, observed on May 19 every year, we spoke to Dr Adarsh CK, HOD and Senior Consultant – Medical Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Advanced Endoscopy, Kengeri, Bengaluru, who explained the link between IBD and mental health.
This relationship is more than simply emotional; it is biological. The gut-brain axis is a two-way communication highway that connects your digestive system to your brain. And with IBD patients, this channel of communication is frequently on fire.
According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, IBD, which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic intestinal condition impacting approximately 1.6 million Americans, with most diagnoses occurring before age 35.
“Your gut contains a complex nervous system, often called the ‘second brain,’ which produces neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine that influence mood. When the gut becomes inflamed, as in IBD (which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), the delicate equilibrium gets disrupted,” explained Dr Adarsh.
A chronic inflammatory response can produce chemicals that enter the bloodstream and reach the brain, possibly contributing to depression, irritation, and cognitive fog. Over time, patients may experience not only bloating and cramping but also a general sense of uneasiness or emotional fatigue.
Also Read: What Is The Difference Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Doctor Explains
A systematic 2021 review reported a pooled prevalence of anxiety symptoms at 35.1% and depression symptoms at 21.6% among IBD patients.
These are not simply emotional reactions to a distressing diagnosis; they are part of the sickness. The stress of uncertain symptoms, food restrictions, and frequent hospital visits can wear down even the strongest minds.
“Furthermore, mental health issues might cause physical flare-ups. When stressed or apprehensive, your body develops a ‘fight or flight’ response, exacerbating gut inflammation. It becomes a vicious cycle: gut flares affect the mind, and mental stress fuels the fire in the belly,” added Dr Adarsh.
For far too long, IBD was treated primarily as a gastrointestinal issue. But as our understanding grows, it becomes evident that healing necessitates a more comprehensive approach. Medication remains the backbone of treatment, but it is insufficient.
An excellent IBD treatment plan should include:
- Dietary advice: Some foods may exacerbate symptoms or cause flare-ups. A nutritionist can assist in developing a personalised strategy that not only prevents problems but also promotes mental wellness (omega-3s, fibre, and probiotics).
- Mental health support: Regular counselling or therapy can help patients deal with the emotional toll of living with a chronic illness. Cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT), in particular, has had excellent outcomes in patients suffering from gastrointestinal diseases.
- Stress-management tools: Breathing techniques, yoga, mindfulness, and even easy walks help reduce stress, which may alleviate stomach issues.
Real-World Tips for Daily Life
Living with IBD requires more than just managing drug schedules. Here are some easy tactics shared by the expert that can make a significant difference:
- Track your emotions and symptoms together: Keeping a journal might help you identify trends in emotional stress and stomach flares.
- Avoid isolation: Joining a support group or simply speaking with others who understand can help alleviate loneliness and helplessness.
- Stick to a regimen: Regular meals, consistent sleep, and modest physical activity can help to maintain both gastrointestinal function and emotional well-being.
- Do not self-medicate: Taking too many pain relievers or anti-anxiety medications can be more harmful than beneficial. Always consult with your doctor first.
Message From The Expert
Dr Adarsh concluded, “If you have IBD and are feeling depressed, anxious, or overwhelmed, realise that it is not ‘all in your head.’ The gut and brain are inextricably linked, and both require attention. Treating IBD effectively requires going beyond the intestines and supporting the entire person.”
Do not wait for symptoms to go out of control. If you’re experiencing repeated gastrointestinal difficulties, mood fluctuations, or unexplained exhaustion, it’s time to see a specialist. With the correct team and care, it is possible to not only live with IBD but also live well.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your professional if you are dealing with any health issue to avoid complications.]
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